Polysaturated fatty acids and their derivatives regulate respiratory infections.

The regulation of inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process that depends on the production of oxygenated lipid derivatives essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, among which are the lipoxins resolvins and protectins, called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM). Their activity is associated with the control of respiratory infection processes to modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, avoiding damage due to inflammation-associated necrosis, reducing microbial loads, and promoting tissue remodeling. Therefore, we review some of the biochemical, physiological and immunological aspects of SPM in the regulation of inflammation in respiratory infections.Copyright © 2022, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. All rights reserved.

Cooperative Arbitration in Euskadi. Proposals for improvement to provide the SVAC-BITARTU with a greater guarantee

In the current Social and Economic situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we have to highlight the primary role that Cooperative Societies have adopted in our Society. However, they are not alien to the con-flicts that usually arise between them and their partners and vice versa. There-fore, in the event that the matters of the conflicts are freely available between the parties, they could be solved by extrajudicial means, which have gained a special role in our society. In this way, this author considers it opportune to make a series of improvement proposals regarding the Arbitration Procedure of the Higher Council of Cooperatives of Euskadi (SVAC-BITARTU) to provide it with even greater guarantees than it currently has.

Dysphagia rehabilitation after partial epiglottectomy for a combined squamous and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx

Introduction: A 67 year old man presented dysphagia after a right partial epiglottectomy for a cT1N2bM0 supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistological assessment showed a mixed cellularity: a neuroendocrine (CK-20 +, S100 +, Ki67 90%) and squamous cell carcinoma. Margin ampliation to the right glossoepiglottic fold and a bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy was performed. Tracheostomy was needed after surgery because of laryngeal edema. Materials and Methods: Nasolaryngoscopy showed no glottic closure, saliva retention with aspiration and an absent answer to stimuli in the right supraglottic space. After a 5 ml pudding texture was given, methylene blue remained in the right pyriform sinus, aspiration and an absence of cough reflex. No oxygen desaturation or oral residuewas evidenced during exploration. Fractioned swallowing was needed. Results: A multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient in our Dysphagia Department took place. Logopedic restitutive techniques were a pillar in the rehabilitation of the patient. Sensory stimulation with heat foam, increase in muscular tone with direct stimulation to the tongue/pharynx and compensatory swallowing techniques were taught to the patient. After a 6 month follow up the same test with 5 ml pudding was performed. Glottic closure returned, with no evidence of aspiration to 5 ml pudding texture. Aspiration to nectar texture, fractioned swallowing and a right absence to stimuli remained. Conclusions: Dysphagia after head and neck cancer surgery is a common occurrence, given the most common location of appearance for squamous cell carcinoma is the supraglottis. Multidisciplinary approach to the patient that develops dysphagia remains key in the improvement of their quality of life and reduces the number of comorbidities after treatment. In this case the patient needed a tracheostomy after surgery, increasing their chances of dysphagia. After a closely followed multidisciplinary rehabilitation the patient was able to improve glottic closure and never had an episode of aspiration pneumonia until their death this past March 2021 from COVID-19.

COVID-19 treatment guidelines in adults

A novel coronavirus disease called COVID-19 was discovered as a result of the outbreak that began in China at the end of December 2019. Common symptoms are fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and malaise. Several research are being conducted since the disease has high transmission rate even though it is not considered life-threatening. However, together with hospital and out-of-hospital care, there is a group of medications being used to fight this disease, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, interferon beta-1b, among others.